Our pets' oral health has a profound impact on their well-being, behavior, and overall health. Dental and gum disease are among the most common health problems in dogs and cats, and many owners are unaware of the serious consequences.
Many owners believe that treats advertised as "teeth cleaners" effectively promote their pets' oral hygiene. Unfortunately, no treat can replace regular dental cleanings and veterinarian checkups. Chews can reduce plaque buildup to some extent, but they don't reach the area where the problem most often begins—the gum line. Just as with humans, daily oral hygiene is the foundation of preventative care.
Bacterial plaque that builds up on teeth hardens over time and turns into tartar. These hard deposits irritate the gums, causing inflammation, bleeding, and pain. In advanced stages, teeth become loose and fall out. Bacteria from a diseased oral cavity can enter the bloodstream and cause inflammation in internal organs such as the heart, kidneys, and liver. Regular oral hygiene is therefore not only a matter of fresh breath but, above all, the health of the entire body.
Certain dog and cat breeds are particularly prone to tartar buildup. Dental problems primarily affect small and toy breeds, but they are also increasingly common in medium and large dogs. It is estimated that periodontal disease affects 44 to 63% of all dogs, and in those over three years of age, the problem can affect as many as 85%. Dog breeds at risk for dental problems include Yorkshire Terriers, Shih Tzus, Maltese, Miniature Poodles, Chihuahuas, Miniature Schnauzers, and Pomeranians . Among cats, European cats, Persians, Maine Coons, and Sphynxes are more likely to suffer from dental disease. Small breeds typically have crowded teeth and shorter snouts, which promote the accumulation of food debris and the growth of bacteria.
Symptoms of dental problems can be subtle. Owners most often notice:
• unpleasant odor from the mouth
• reddened gums
• excessive salivation
• reluctance to chew harder foods
• rubbing the muzzle with the paw
• apathy
• biting inedible objects
• tendency to destroy
• irritability
However, most dogs and cats do not manifest pain overtly, so owner involvement in preventative measures is crucial. Any of these signs should prompt a visit to the vet.
The foundation of oral care is regular toothbrushing, preferably daily, using special toothpastes and brushes designed for dogs and cats. Human toothpastes should not be used as they contain ingredients toxic to animals. It's worth using dental products, such as water softeners, gels, or powders added to food, which reduce plaque buildup. Dental checkups should be performed at least once a year, and even more frequently for breeds at higher risk.
Once tartar buildup is visible, the only effective way to remove it is through oral hygiene —a procedure performed by a veterinarian under anesthesia. Home remedies or treats cannot dissolve the hardened deposits. After professional cleaning, it's essential to maintain oral hygiene to prevent recurrence.
The lifespan of dogs and cats is constantly increasing, so special oral care is essential to ensure their teeth last as long as possible. Dogs, just like humans, need to have their teeth brushed – they can't do it themselves, so they rely entirely on their owners for this.
Scientists are increasingly confirming that oral bacteria affect the entire body. Untreated inflammation in the oral cavity increase the risk of systemic diseases such as myocarditis, respiratory disease, kidney disease, liver disease, and diabetes. Particular attention should be paid to the oral health of animals already suffering from chronic diseases. The large number of bacteria and toxins produced in the oral cavity further burdens the body and can exacerbate existing conditions. Therefore, oral assessment should be a regular part of preventative care, especially in animals with heart disease, kidney disease, or diabetes.
Combating periodontal disease requires consistency and consistency on the part of the owner, as well as regular dental checkups. Periodontal disease is chronic and incurable , meaning that once diagnosed, it will remain with the patient for life. However, it can be effectively slowed down through regular checkups and appropriate preventative measures.
It's never too late to implement preventative care. You can teach your dog or cat daily oral hygiene at any age. The sooner you start, the easier it will be to achieve good results. Hygiene involves regular toothbrushing using special toothpastes or gels designed for animals. Human toothpastes should not be used because they contain fluoride, which can be toxic if swallowed. In cases of advanced periodontal disease, additional preventative care is recommended in the form of antibacterial liquids, gels, or ointments.
Healthy teeth aren't just a matter of aesthetics, but above all, they contribute to quality of life, well-being, and overall health. There are no treats that can clean our pet's teeth on their own . A responsible owner should regularly maintain oral hygiene, use appropriate products, visit a veterinarian, and promptly remove tartar. By caring for your dog or cat's teeth, you ensure their health, happiness, and long life.
